鈍

鈍 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金心山 (CPU), four-corner 8511₇, composition ⿰釒屯)

• 𢵶 𡚃 𫫲

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1298, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40219
• Dae Jaweon: page 1801, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4175, character 3
• Unihan data for U+920D

Historical forms of the character 鈍
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duːns) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“dull; blunt”). Compare Tibetan རྟུལ (rtul, “dull; blunt”).

鈍

1. dull; blunt; not sharp
2. dull-witted; dim-witted; slow-witted; stupid
3. a surname
4. (Northern Wu) to satirise; to mock; to disparage

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. dull, blunt (of edge)
2. dull, stupid, slow, slow-witted (of senses)

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The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 鈍ぶ (nibu, “to become dark gray”).[1] In modern Japanese, reanalyzed as a shortening of compound term 鈍色 (nibiiro, “dark gray”).[1][2]

First cited to the late 900s.[1]

• (Tokyo) にび​ [nìbíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ibʲi]

鈍(にび) • (nibi) 

1. short for 鈍色 (nibiiro): dark gray

The first portion nama is from 生 (nama). This usually has a sense of raw but also has overtones of unprocessed, unready and thus some semantic overlap with, and is cognate with, 鈍る (namaru, “to become dull, especially due to lack of proper tempering”).

The second portion kura is of uncertain derivation.

The term is first cited to 1711.[1]

• (Tokyo) なまくら [nàmákúrá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [na̠ma̠kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

鈍(なまくら) • (namakura) -na (adnominal 鈍(なまくら)な (namakura na), adverbial 鈍(なまくら)に (namakura ni))

1. (uncommon) dull of edge, unable to cut well
2. (uncommon) dull of mind, lazy, insipid

鈍(なまくら) • (namakura) 

1. a blunt blade
2. a lazy person, a dullard

   Synonym: 怠け者 (namakemono)

• 鈍(なまくら)刀(がたな) (namakura-gatana, “a dull sword”)
• 鈍(なまくら)武(ぶ)士(し) (namakura bushi, “a warrior with a dull sword; a warrior with no ambition”)
• 鈍(なまくら)物(もの) (namakuramono, “a dull blade”)
• 鈍(なまくら)者(もの) (namakuramono, “a lazy person”)

Shift in usage, repurposing the stem of 形容詞 (keiyōshi, “-i adjective”) 鈍い (noroi, “slow of thought or action”) as a 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjective”).[3][4]

First cited to a work from 1891.[4]

• (Tokyo) の​ろ [nóꜜrò] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [no̞ɾo̞]

鈍(のろ) • (noro) -na (adnominal 鈍(のろ)な (noro na), adverbial 鈍(のろ)に (noro ni))

1. [1891] mentally slow, dull-witted, stupid
2. [1891] physically slow, slow of action

鈍(のろ) • (noro) 

1. dullard, dimwit

鈍 (eumhun 무딜 둔 (mudil dun))

1. Hanja form^? of 둔 (“blunt, obtuse”).
2. Hanja form^? of 둔 (“dull”).
3. Hanja form^? of 둔 (“flat”).
4. Hanja form^? of 둔 (“dull-witted”).

鈍: Hán Nôm readings: độn

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