शुभ्र
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬰᬸᬪ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- শুভ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- শুভ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰲𑰥𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀼𑀪𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌶𑍁𑌭𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- શુભ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ੁਭੑਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦯꦸꦨꦿ (Javanese script)
- ឝុភ្រ (Khmer script)
- ಶುಭ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ຨຸຠ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- ശുഭ്ര (Malayalam script)
- 𑘫𑘳𑘥𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠤᠪᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡧᡠᢨᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- ၐုဘြ (Burmese script)
- 𑧋𑧔𑧅𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐸𑐨𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଶୁଭ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢯꢸꢩ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆶𑆨𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖲𑖥𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ශුභ්ර (Sinhalese script)
- ஶுப்⁴ர (Tamil script)
- శుభ్ర (Telugu script)
- ศุภฺร (Thai script)
- ཤུ་བྷྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒳𑒦𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱubʰ-rós, from *ḱewbʰ- (“beautiful, clean”). Cognate with Old Armenian սուրբ (surb, “pure, holy”).
Adjective
शुभ्र • (śubhrá)
- bright, radiant, shining
- beautiful, splendid
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.11.4:
- शुभ्रं नु ते शुष्मं वर्धयन्तः शुभ्रं वज्रं बाह्वोर्दधानाः।
शुभ्रस्त्वमिन्द्र वावृधानो अस्मे दासीर्विशः सूर्येण सह्याः॥- śubhraṃ nu te śuṣmaṃ vardhayantaḥ śubhraṃ vajraṃ bāhvordadhānāḥ.
śubhrastvamindra vāvṛdhāno asme dāsīrviśaḥ sūryeṇa sahyāḥ. - We who add strength to thine own splendid vigour, laying within thine arms the splendid thunder—
With us mayst thou, O Indra, waxen splendid, with Sūrya overcome the Dāsa races.
- śubhraṃ nu te śuṣmaṃ vardhayantaḥ śubhraṃ vajraṃ bāhvordadhānāḥ.
- शुभ्रं नु ते शुष्मं वर्धयन्तः शुभ्रं वज्रं बाह्वोर्दधानाः।
- clear, spotless
Declension
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| Feminine ā-stem declension of शुभ्रा (śubhrā́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शुभ्रा śubhrā́ |
शुभ्रे śubhré |
शुभ्राः śubhrā́ḥ |
| Vocative | शुभ्रे śúbhre |
शुभ्रे śúbhre |
शुभ्राः śúbhrāḥ |
| Accusative | शुभ्राम् śubhrā́m |
शुभ्रे śubhré |
शुभ्राः śubhrā́ḥ |
| Instrumental | शुभ्रया / शुभ्रा¹ śubhráyā / śubhrā́¹ |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्राभिः śubhrā́bhiḥ |
| Dative | शुभ्रायै śubhrā́yai |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्राभ्यः śubhrā́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शुभ्रायाः śubhrā́yāḥ |
शुभ्राभ्याम् śubhrā́bhyām |
शुभ्राभ्यः śubhrā́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शुभ्रायाः śubhrā́yāḥ |
शुभ्रयोः śubhráyoḥ |
शुभ्राणाम् śubhrā́ṇām |
| Locative | शुभ्रायाम् śubhrā́yām |
शुभ्रयोः śubhráyoḥ |
शुभ्रासु śubhrā́su |
| Notes |
| ||
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Borrowed terms
- → Telugu: శుభ్రము (śubhramu)
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šulā, “clay”)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪 (subbha, “white”)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “शुभ्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1084.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 647; 657-8
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “śubhrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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