जटा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जटा (jaṭā).

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒə.ʈɑː/, [d͡ʒə.ʈäː]

Noun

जटा • (jaṭā) f (Urdu spelling جٹا‎)

  1. dreadlocks
  2. (Hinduism) the hair of Shiva, which is matted into dreadlocks, like the hair of a sadhu

Declension
Declension of जटा (fem ā-stem)
singular plural
direct जटा
jaṭā		 जटाएँ
jaṭāẽ
oblique जटा
jaṭā		 जटाओं
jaṭāõ
vocative जटा
jaṭā		 जटाओ
jaṭāo

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • ᬚᬝᬵ (Balinese script)
  • জটা (Assamese script)
  • জটা (Bengali script)
  • 𑰕𑰘𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀚𑀝𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • 𑌜𑌟𑌾 (Grantha script)
  • જટા (Gujarati script)
  • ਜਟਾ (Gurmukhi script)
  • ꦗꦛꦴ (Javanese script)
  • ជដា (Khmer script)
  • ಜಟಾ (Kannada script)
  • ຊຏາ (Lao script)
  • ജടാ (Malayalam script)
  • 𑘕𑘘𑘰 (Modi script)
  • ᠽᠠᢌᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
  • ᡯᠠᢞᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
  • ဇဋာ (Burmese script)
  • 𑦵𑦸𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐖𑐚𑐵 (Newa script)
  • ଜଟା (Odia script)
  • ꢙꢜꢵ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆘𑆛𑆳 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖕𑖘𑖯 (Siddham script)
  • ජටා (Sinhalese script)
  • జటా (Telugu script)
  • ชฏา (Thai script)
  • ཛ་ཊཱ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒖𑒙𑒰 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Likely a borrowing from a local substrate, supported by the wide phonetic variation in the word's descendants in modern Indo-Aryan languages. However, Dravidian cognates such as Tamil சடை (caṭai) are understood to be borrowed from Sanskrit, rather than the other way around.

Formal analysis is made difficult by contamination from words with similar phonetics and semantics, such as चूड (cūḍa, “protuberance on brick”) and जूट (jūṭa, “twisted hair”).

Attempts to connect the word to Indo-European, such as to Ancient Greek βόστρῠχος (bóstrukhos, “lock of hair”) and German Klette (“burdock”) are unconvincing.

Pronunciation

Noun

जटा • (jaṭā) root form, f

  1. the hair twisted together (as worn by ascetics, by Shiva, and persons in mourning); braid of hair
  2. a fibrous root, root (in general)

Declension
Feminine ā-stem declension of जटा (jaṭā)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative जटा
jaṭā		 जटे
jaṭe		 जटाः
jaṭāḥ
Vocative जटे
jaṭe		 जटे
jaṭe		 जटाः
jaṭāḥ
Accusative जटाम्
jaṭām		 जटे
jaṭe		 जटाः
jaṭāḥ
Instrumental जटया / जटा¹
jaṭayā / jaṭā¹		 जटाभ्याम्
jaṭābhyām		 जटाभिः
jaṭābhiḥ
Dative जटायै
jaṭāyai		 जटाभ्याम्
jaṭābhyām		 जटाभ्यः
jaṭābhyaḥ
Ablative जटायाः
jaṭāyāḥ		 जटाभ्याम्
jaṭābhyām		 जटाभ्यः
jaṭābhyaḥ
Genitive जटायाः
jaṭāyāḥ		 जटयोः
jaṭayoḥ		 जटानाम्
jaṭānām
Locative जटायाम्
jaṭāyām		 जटयोः
jaṭayoḥ		 जटासु
jaṭāsu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Related terms

References
  • Monier Williams (1899), “जटा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 409/1.
  • Apte, Macdonell (2022), “जटा”, in Digital Dictionaries of South India [Combined Sanskrit Dictionaries]
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 564-5
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 413
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jáṭā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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